CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIST - ROBERT HOOK
EDU-04.9:
THEORETICAL BASE OF NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION
CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIST
SUBMITTED BY,
SUBMITTED TO,
AKHINA S B Mrs.
RUMAISA BEEVI
SRUTHY.S Asst.
PROFESSOR
1st YEAR
B.Ed
FATHIMA MEMORIAL
NATURAL
SCIENCE
TRAINING COLLEGE
FATHIMA
MEMORIAL TRAINING
PALLIMUKKU, KOLLAM.
COLLEGE
PALLIMUKKU,
KOLLAM.
ROBERT HOOKE
Original Name : Robert
Hooke
Born in : 18th July 1635
Fresh Water, Isle of Wight, England
Parents : John Hooke
[Father] Cecily Gyles [Mother]
Nationality : English
Profession : English
polymath, Scientist, Architect
Awards : Fellow of Royal
Society
Known as : “Renaissance
Man”, “English Da vinci”
Died : 3rd March 1703,
London, England
INTRODUCTION
Robert Hooke was an
important 17th century English Scientist, perhaps
best known for Hooke’s
law, the invention of the compound microscope, and his
cell theory. Hooke has
been called the ‘English Da Vinci’. He is credited with
numerous inventions and
design improvements of scientific instrumentations.
He was a natural
philosopher who valued observation and experimentation.
From the beginning of his
childhood, and indeed his whole life his health was
delicate. His father led
a local school as well, yet at least partly home schooled,
Robert Frail in health.
The young Robert Hooke was fascinated by observations,
mechanical works and
drawing. Few years later, the fascinated young fellow
become the sovereign of
the world. He also become the member of the Royal
Society.
CONTRIBUTIONS
1653→ Robert
Hooke edged closer to become a scientist. His capabilities
with mechanical instruments had
reached expert level by this time.
1655→ As a starting step of Robert Hooke, he works
in Oxford as an assistant to
one of the founders of modern
chemistry, Robert Boyle. Hooke worked around
seven
years with Boyle. Along with Robert
Boyle, he construct, operate and demonstrate Boyle’s “machina
Boyleana” or “air pump”.
1657→ In about 1657, Hooke greatly improved the
pendulum clock by inventing
the anchor escapement. This was a
cog which gave a small push to every swing a
pendulum took, preventing it
running down, while also moving the hands of the
clock forward.
1659→ In 1659, Hooke described some elements of a
method of heavier-than-air
flight to Wilkins, but concluded
that human muscles were insufficient to the
task.
1660→ In about 1660, Hooke invented the balance
spring, vital for accurate time
keeping in pocket watches, one of
which he made for his own use. A pendulum
cannot be used in a pocket watch,
so another way of making the passage of time
is needed. In 1660, Hooke discovered Hooke’s law, which
states that the tension
force in a spring increases in
direct proportion to the length it is stretched to.
Hooke’s law is otherwise known as
law of elasticity.
1662→ The Royal Society was founded in 1660, and in
April 1661, the society
debated a short trace on rising
of water in slender glass pipes, in which Hooke
reported that the height water
rose was related to the bore of the pipe(now
termed capillary action). On 5th
November 1661, Sir Robert Moray proposed
that a curator be appointed to
furnish the Society with Experiments and this was
unanimously passed with the Hooke
being named. Thus Hooke became the
member of Royal Society and since
was its curator of experiments.
1663→ In 1663, Hooke was officially elected as a
fellow of Royal Society
1664→ Isaac Newton build a Gregorian reflecting
telescope and Hooke
discovered the fifth star in the
Trapezium, an asterism in the constellation
Orion, in 1664 and first suggested
that Jupiter rotates on its axis.
1665→ In 1665, at the age of 30, Hooke published
the first ever scientific best
seller: Micrographia. The book
was a showcase Hooke’s particular talents, his
understanding of nature and light and his
highly developed skills in designing
and constructing scientific
instruments and his skills as an artist.
In 1665, Hooke used his primitive
compound microscope to examine the
structure in a slice of cork. He was able
to see the honeycomb structure of cell
wall from the matter, which was
the only remaining tissue since the cells were
dead. He coined the word ‘cell’ to
describe the tiny compartments he saw.The
whole new world to scientist and
marked the beginning of the study of cell
biology. In the same year he was appointed as the
Professor of Geometry in
Gresham College.
1666→ In 1666, he
suggested that the force of gravity could be measured by
utilizing the motion of a pendulum
and attempted to show that Earth and Moon
follow an elliptical path around
the Sun.
1672→In 1672, he
discovered the phenomenon of diffraction(the bending of
light rays around corners);to
explain it he offered the wave theory of light.
1680→On 8th July 1680,
Hooke observed the nodal patterns associated with the
nodes of vibration of glass plates.
He ran a bow along the edge of a glass plate
covered with flour, and see the nodal
patterns emerge.
Works in the field of Architecture
1666
After the great fire in London, he worked on
the design of
London’s Monument to the fire, the
Royal Green which Observatory, Montagu
House in Bloomsbury and the
Bethlem Royal Hospital.
1679→ He became part of Royal College of
Physicians, Ragley Hall in
Warwickshire, Ramsbury Manor in Wihshire.
CONCLUSION
Robert Hooke is an eminent
scientist who awarded fellow of Royal Society.
He was in between the
period of 1635 – 1703. He was not only a scientist in the
field of a particular
stream rather than he was an al-rounder. His main
inventions include
pendulum clock, Hooke’s law, air flight, observed nodal
patterns etc. His book in
Micrographia which include his most of the works.
Hooke’s career was marred
by arguments with other prominent scientists
including Isaac Newton.
In his last year of life, Hooke suffered from symptoms
that may have been caused
by diabetes. He died at the age of 67 in London on
March 3, 1703.
* en.m.wikipedia.org
* www.britannica.com
*www.biography.com
* https://maths history.st.andrews.ac.uk
* www. thehindu.com
* www.livescience.co
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