SUPPLEMENTARY READER, HAND BOOK FOR TEACHERS,WORKBOOK FOR LEARNERS, REFERENCE MATERIAL
INTRODUCTION
Reading is a key to learning. It’s a skill that everyone
should develop in their life. The
ability to read enable us to discover new facts and opens the door to a new
world of ideas, stories and opportunities.
We can gather ample information and use it in the right direction to
perform various tasks in our life. The
habit of reading also increases our knowledge and makes us an intellectual and
sensible person. With the help the help
of different kinds of learning materials we can achieve the goal. Different types of learning materials improves
our learning ability.
SUPPLEMENTARY READER
A supplementary reader is a pamphlet brochure, journal
or an illustrated textbook meant for extra reading. The reading of other material in science is
very important for teachers of science to get a clear understanding of what
they hear and perceive in classroom. It
introduces the learner to new materials and meet their varied needs and
interest.
ADVANTAGES
· It
plays a vital role in the totality of development in learners.
· Reading
of supplementary material introduces students to new areas, help to develop
potential, create interest and enhance creative thoughts.
· It
deepens learners understanding in a broader perspective.
· It
opens door for applications of science in productive way.
· It
provides insight into social significance of scientific knowledge.
· It
helps to utilize leisure time in a creative and constructive way.
·
It encourages meta- cognition.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING
SUPPLEMENTARY SCIENCE BOOKS
·
It should encourage thinking and
discussion.
· It
should develop interest in applied aspects of science.
· It
should helps to articulate and elucidate scientific concepts and principles.
· It
should suggest further problems.
·
It should provide insights into social
significance and contributions of science.
QUALITIES OF THE
SUPPLEMENTARY READERS
·
It must be accurate and authoritative.
· It
must be fair and sincere in its presentation of
controversial subject matter.
· It
has good literacy standard clear style, grammatically correct, easy to read.
· Its
general theme and presentation should meet wholesome nature.
· It
is a learning aid of lasting value.
Eg:-
Eureka, Sastrakeralam, Sastragathi, etc.
HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS
It is a ready reference
material for the teacher to supplement his classroom teaching. It contains summaries of chapters in the
textbook, conceptual development of topics, statement of instructional
objectives to be realised, explanation of significant terms, facts and
principles. It also contain learning
experiences to be provided, precautions to be taken while demonstration is
conducted, exercises of various kind of suited to each topic. Evaluation tools, assignments for pupils and
suggested reading materials for teachers and pupils are included in the
handbook.
ADVANTAGES
·
It equips the teacher with sufficient
theoretical knowledge about what is to be taught.
· The
problem of finding out suitable learning experiences for teaching different
lessons is easily solved.
· It
helps the teacher to adopt appropriate methods to teach every topic.
·
It helps the teacher to evaluate using
relevant evaluation tools after finishing every topic.
DISADVANTAGES
·
Teachers
become lazy and does not try to learn more in the topic.
·
Teachers always takes help from his
material other than applying reasoning.
·
It encourages meta- cognition.
WORKBOOK FOR LEARNERS
It is a practice material
for pupils. The content of the workbook
is arranged according to the order of the textbook, exercise of different
kinds, keys to exercises, suggestions for practical work, suggestions
improvements and assignments and evaluation tools. The learner workbook is a comprehensive
workbook style document. It can be used
for distance and work based learning modes as well as supporting face- to- face
learning. The learner workbook provides
an overview of the module and the learning outcomes which will help you to plan
and guide your learning. The content is
divided into topics areas providing information for you to read, topics for
research, activities that can be completed alone, in groups or in your
workplace. A glossary and a list of
references and resources are also provided in each module. Work books vary greatly in content and
organization at one extreme are workbooks that reprint pages of associated
textbooks replacing key words with blanks that are to be filled in by after
reading their texts. At the other
extreme are workbooks that make provisions for many different type of
activities, forms for reporting data, diagrams to be labelled, blank spaces for
sketches and clippings, suggestions for supplementary work, study guides for
reading assignments and self- testing devices.
sometimes in addition, the teacher is provided with the pads of
tests. One pupil, to be used in
evaluating achievement. Workbooks of the
later type serve as a combined course of study, a study guide and a record
book.
ADVANTAGES
·
Heavily burdened teachers find the better
workbooks in saving time and energy.
· Help
pupils who are working under self- direction to study more effectively.
· Pupils
who have missed time because of illness or from having left school prematurely
can make up work without close supervision.
· The
beginning teacher and the inadequately prepared teacher also find workbooks of
value.
·
It foster scientific thinking.
DISADVANTAGES
·
Workbooks are relatively inflexible.
·
The content highly organized and can’t be
altered easily.
·
There is little provision for the
inclusion of new material.
·
Workbooks are directed towards uniform
outcomes; if they dominate the program, pupils have little opportunity to
develop special interest and talents.
·
Workbooks deny pupils any participation in
the planning process.
REFERENCE MATERIAL
Reference materials are
various sources that provide background information or quick facts on any given
topic.
Choosing an appropriate
source of information to meet our needs can save our time and help us get hold
of relevant information.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
REFERENCE MATERIALS
v ENCYCLOPEDIA
v NEWSLETTER
v MAGAZINE
v JOURNAL
v ENCYCLOPAEDIA
A work containing
information on all subject or limited to a specific field or subject, arranged
in systematic (usually alphabetical), order.
The information included in the encyclopedia are factual and
linguistic. Encyclopedia have existed
for around 2,000 years the ago. Naturalis
historia is the oldest among them.
The world’s largest encyclopedia is universal ilustrada europeo- Americana
(118 volumes, 1,05,000pages).
Encyclopedia can be divided into two;
a.
Encyclopedia general
b.
Encyclopedia subject
A.
Encyclopedia general: It contains an
alphabetically organized listing of a broad range of subjects with basic information
for each entry.
Eg:- World Book
Encyclopedia
B.
Encyclopedia subject: It contains the
same type of information and organized like a general encyclopedia. The entries are limited to those that fall
within the subject encyclopedia’s scope of the coverage.
Eg:- Encyclopedia of
Mammals, The Grolier Encyclopedia of Science and Technology.
ADVANTAGES
·
Facts about a topic
·
Quality checked
DISADVANTAGES
·
Print copies may go out of data
v NEWSLETTER
A newsletter is a
regularly distributed publication that is generally about one main topic of
interest to its subscribers. Newspapers
and leaflets are types of newsletters.
Eg:- newsletters are distributed at
schools to inform parents about things that happen in that school.
ADVANTAGES
·
Up to date coverage of events, news and
opinions
· Include
images
·
Can include reliable information as well
as some facts and figures
DISADVANTAGES
·
Can be biased
· May
be influenced by political loyalties
· Some
items may be written to entertain rather than to portray facts.
v MAGAZINE
Magazine
are publications, usually periodical publications that are printed or
electronically published. They are
generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content .
Magazines
can be categorized into 3;
a. Paid
circulation: In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a prize.
b. Non-
paid circulation: This means that there is no cover prize and issues are given
away, for example airline in flight magazines.
c. Controlled
circulation: This is the model used by many trade magazines distributed only to
qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey.
ADVANTAGES
· Indicate
areas of professional interest
· Up
to date coverage of news and opinion
· Opportunities
for communities to engage
· Feature
new services, resources or areas of interest
DISADVANTAGES
· Not
as extensively quality reviewed as journals
v JOURNAL
A collection of articles
relating to particular topic published regularly (eg:- once a month, quarterly,
annually)
ADVANTAGES
· Include
the latest research
· Up-
to- date
· Cover
very specific topics
· List
of reference used- good source for further research
DISADVANTAGES
·
Don’t go in to as much detail as books
CONCLUSION
In
today’s world of the modern age and digital era, people can easily access the
resources online for reading. The online
books and availability of ebooks in the form of pdf have made reading much
easier. So everyone should built the
habit of gaining additional knowledge daily.
It improves our knowledge and vocabulary.
REFERENCE
· http://rejimaruthora.blogspot.com
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